Sexism in English 英语语言中的性别歧视现象开题报告

 2023-02-22 03:38:08

1. 研究目的与意义

There is a dialectical and unified relationship between language and society.Language reflects social consciousness and values; at the same time, social consciousness and values influence people''s language use.Therefore, the social phenomenon of sexism can be first reflected via the use of language.

The women''s movement reached its climax in the United States in the 1960s.Today, women in most countries in the world have the same rights as men, such as the right to education. In some countries, women even have a place in politics, with more than half of the parliamentarians being women.But even so, sexism remains widespread all over the world.

According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language is not only a product of society, but also affects people''s thinking patterns and mental construction.Therefore, it is particularly important to study gender discrimination in language.

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2. 研究内容和预期目标

Since the advent of the era of capitalist industrial production, female’s consciousness of fighting for equality has been aroused. Women began to pursue equal rights and social status, longing for eliminating gender discrimination. Especially after the 1960s in the United States, the feminist movement reached to the climax. In the process of women''s pursuit of their rights and status, the first and most basic thing is to eliminate discrimination in the use of language. Language is a mirror of society which is able to reflect the values of the society. Therefore, as a social phenomenon, sexism existing in both eastern and western countries is inevitably reflected in language. The expression of gender discrimination in language is the most obvious and can be first detected. From the perspective of linguistics, this paper explores the embodiment of sexism in English language from morphology, syntax and metaphor. At the same time, it will explore the causes of gender discrimination from historical and social perspectives. Finally, it proposes ways to reduce gender discrimination and appeals to the society that all people are created equal. This is also of great significance to the study of gender discrimination in sociology.

This paper consists of five parts. The first part will distinguish the differences between 'sexism' and 'gender inequality', define the scope of 'sexism' discussed in this paper, and introduce the concept of male sexism, paving the way for the narration of male sexism in the following part. The second part will elaborate the origin and background of sexism, supplement the basic information of it, and make the article more integrated and thorough. The third part will focus on the introduction of gender discrimination in English from the perspective of linguistics, including morphology such as: prefix, suffix, collocation; Syntax: word order, lecture, legal text; And metaphor such as: vocabulary metaphor, phrase metaphor and proverbs and so on. According to these phenomena, the causes of sexism should be analyzed. In the fourth part, the paper analyzes the causes of sexism from the perspective of history and society. In the last part, the paper makes an appeal against the unequal treatment. First of all, the concept of anti-sexism will be put forward. Then, clues of anti-sexism will be found out in literature and some text, such as the Bible and legal texts. At last, some methods reducing sexism will be presented.

3. 国内外研究现状

In recent years, great achievements have been made by scholars both at home and abroad in the studies of both Sexism and Male Sexism.

First, people make a conceptual distinction between 'biological gender' (sex) and 'social gender' (gender). Yueming Cao（曹越明,2013,p13） once wrote in his article that sex, also known as natural gender, is the most frequently mentioned gender in our daily life, which is a biological concept; Gender is a social and cultural concept, which belongs to the category of sociology, compared with the biological concept of gender, sex.

Sexism in language exists all over the world, and English is no exception. Whether language shapes our culture or culture shapes our language, women have been categorized and stereotyped, and our language helps perpetuate this division between the sexes. In her article Sexism in Language, O Donnell and Holly Smith（1973） demonstrate that Language is the best reflection to Sexism. The study of sexism in language was carried out earlier in Western Europe and North America. Western linguists have studied the phenomenon mainly in the following aspects: the characteristics of female language; The causes of linguistic sexism analyzed from social, cultural and historical perspectives. In the 1920s, Danish linguist Jespersen（奥托.叶斯帕森,1922） noticed that certain nouns referring only to men were frequently used in English. From the perspective of linguistics, he expounds the sexism in language from the perspective of vocabulary and morphology. His influential work on linguistics, A Theory of Language: The Nature, Development and Origin of Language, published in 1922, covers almost the entire field of linguistics, including gender language. He has also written that English is the most masculine of all the languages he is familiar with.

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4. 计划与进度安排

Introduction

1. The differences between “sex” and “gender”

1.1 Sex

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5. 参考文献

  1. Bosmajian, H. A. (1972). The language of sexism. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 29(3), 305–313. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42576459

  2. Coates, Jennifer. (1998). Feminist Futures and Linguistics. Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies (HJEAS), 4(1/2), 195–199. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41274002

  3. Folsom, Jack. “Teaching about Sexism and Language in a Traditional Setting: Surmounting the Obstacles.” Women’s Studies Quarterly, vol. 11, no. 1, The Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 1983, pp. 12–15, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40004664.

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