Humanistic Care from the Binary Narrative —Mark Twain’s Diaries of Adam and Eve 《亚当夏娃日记》二元叙事的人文关怀开题报告

 2022-12-28 02:24:14

1. 研究目的与意义

以马克吐温的《亚当夏娃日记》为研究对象，尝试用二元叙事的人文主义角度解析文章主题，该研究角度有一定新意，如果能仔细阅读相关文献几原著，在论文撰写过程中能合理安排好时间并能与导师及时交流，详细可以完成一篇颇有新意的毕业论文。

2. 文献综述

Recent years, a large number of scholars at home and abroad have studied the work a lot. After searching and perusing previous research results, it is found that previous scholars analyzed Diaries of Adam and Eve mainly from following three aspects, eco-feminism, religious view and sexual relationship.The first one is eco-feminism. Eco-feminism as a time trend is the third wave of feminism, which combines the ecological and feminist movement. It emerged and now is booming in western countries, especially in America. It focuses on searching multiple relationships between women and nature and advocate to establish a new equal, harmonious and interdependent relationship between human and nature. Eco-feminism thinks that women have a biological relation with nature. Rather than men, women are more likely to be close to nature as the best bond between human and nature. To get through the subject and object, identify with nature and construct a mercy and friendly relationship between human and nature. In the work, Eve thinks that Gods creation is just an experiment, suspects the statement of Adams rib creates Eve, markets the naming right and rewrites original sin. In addition, Eve has a natural intimacy with nature, and her feminist wisdom and ecological equality play an important role in the creation of humans happiness and harmony. Eve is often intoxicated with the flowers, chasing and frolicking with bees and butterflies, and even the wild beasts are very close to her. Eve also played an important role in the development of Adam's life and personality. Adam's diary could prove that Adam's diary was very short and boring before he met Eve. His words became colorful, graceful, expressive and infectious when he companies with Eve day by day. The second one is religious view. Mark Twain borrows the story of Adam and Eve in Holy Bible as the support, adopts the form of Adams and Eves diary, and directly use Adam and Eve as the novel name. This reflects that American puritanism influences Mark Twain deeply. But in the 19th century, Christianity began to decline. Because geology discovered that the Earth had existed for millions of years. And it was not consistent with the roughly 6,000 years of history in Holy Bible. At the same time, a new philosophical trend in the 19th century -- transcendentalism prevailed in America, which was deeply influenced by European romanticism. Transcendentalism praise nature, pay attention to human intuition and inspiration, rebel against the orthodox calvinism. In the work, the image of Adam, Eve, Eden Garden, forbidden fruit, snake and humans depravity, Cain killed AbelPuritanism heritage has been deeply integrated into the authors bone and blood. On the one hand, Mark Twain was fascinated by the origin of the world, the story of Adam, Eve and Eden in Holy Bible. On the other hand, Mark Twain remained his skeptical attitude to the religion. The combination of these two inner conflicts led him to create the work with ambivalence. He kept a positive attitude towards the factors and doctrines in religion which are suitable for human development, such as beautiful and innocent Eden, regular routine, the diligent, frugal and orderly life style and the importance of education. However, he has a negative attitude towards those factors or doctrines that stifle or constrain human nature in religion. The image of Eve, the romantic color and scientific positivism in the work affirmed humans cognitive ability and subjective initiative and criticized the imprisonment of human thought in religion.The third one is sexual relationship. The relationship between men and women is one of mankind's most important problems. A man cannot leave a woman; a woman cannot leave a man. Men and women attracted each other, and existed great differences and contradictions. This is the paradox: men and women are different, so they attracted each other. At the same time, the differences resulted in contradiction. Men's greatest happiness and pain comes from women. If the whole human including men and women want to pursue happiness and avoid pain, they must think carefully and deal with the relationship between men and women properly. Since the beginning of human consciousness, countless people have pondered this question for countless times, but they cannot say that people have completely figured it out. Until today, even the future, people have to continue to think about it. Although Diaries of Adam and Eve is not long, the language is easy and humorous, but the referred topic is very important and complex, no clear and right answer.Previous scholars have achieved a lot about the analysis of the work and some of their opinions inspire me a lot. Regard to the mode of binary narrative, they discussed the sexual relationship and gender differences more or less. However, they never analyzed the glaring glow of humanistic care which hid everywhere in the work by combining the authors life experience and the historical background. This paper will display humanistic care with the binary narrative by analyzing two different perspectives and values between men and women under the authors personal experience and temporal society phenomenon. More importantly, this paper will sigh the loss of humans spiritual world during the process of material pursuit and introspect the significant topic of humans spiritual home Eden when and how to rebuild.

3. 设计方案和技术路线

1． 作者个人经历所处的时代与作品的密切联系2． 人文关怀的意义和价值

4. 工作计划

查阅相关文献，运用合适的文学理论，并结合作者生平和社会时代背景

5. 难点与创新点

以马克吐温的《亚当夏娃日记》为研究对象，尝试用二元叙事的人文主义角度解析文章主题，该研究角度有一定新意

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