Song of Nature: The Old Man and the Sea in the context of eco-criticism开题报告

 2023-01-15 07:05:16

1. 研究目的与意义

When it comes to AmericanLiterature in the Realistic Period from the twentieth century, writer ErnestHemingway is inevitably mentioned. ErnestHemingway was regarded as the one ofthe greatest naturalist novelists and he expresses his philosophy of naturalismin The Old Man and the Sea. Hisworks, widely analyzed the relationship between human and nature, human andsociety, and human and human, especially TheOld Man and the Sea.

Eco-criticism wasintroduced into the studies of Hemingway and The Old Man and the Sea aroundthe 1990s providing a new view for reading this book. The research is to makean eco-critical reading of The Old Man and the Sea , toanalyze the relationship between human and nature, human and society, and humanand human. In addition, this book embodies Santiago#8217;s paradoxical attitude towardsnature. On the one hand, it shows the desire of conquering nature. On the otherhand, it reveals the love for nature, even reverence, in the struggle to conquer Big Marlin and sharks.

The last but not least,the novel itself attracts readers attention brilliantly for its perspectives of green literary study, which is a hot issue,to make a multi-analysis on the ideas about nature reflected in The Old Man and the Sea and thetreasures that The Old Man and the Sea brings to the readers in dealingwith the relation between human and nature. The research of this theme itselfis not boring but profound and practical. What#8217;s more,with the worldwide attention to the environment and the eco-quality of human surroundings,I believe, these green ideas are still going to be of magnificent importance.

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2. 研究内容和预期目标

Throughanalyzing the paradoxical attitude of Santiago and the relationship between theold man and the sea, the topic itself aims to approach the eco-theme reflectedin The Old Man and the Sea.

Thewhole essay concentrates on the detection of the old man#8217;s view on nature. Thedifficulties lies in that the analysis of Santiago#8217;s paradoxical attitudetowards nature, thus readers of this article can appreciate the quintessence ofthe original novel from another new angle.

This essay consists of six parts. Chapter one is about literature reviewand current as well as creative studies of Ernest Hemingway#8217;s novel---- The Old Man and the Sea. Chapter two is about theappearance and development of eco-criticism. Chapter three analyzes the deepecological illustration of TheOld Man and the Sea, especially about Santiago#8217;s paradoxical attitude toward nature. Chapter fouris about the ecological aesthetical analysis. The Big Marlin and the sea arethe symbolizations of ecological aesthetics. Chapter five is an eco-feministanalysis of TheOld Man and the Sea. The sea is significant and has the female#8217;s identification. But, thereis Santiago#8217;s abuse of the sea. Chapter six sums up ecological thoughts andhopes that readers can bear on their own ecological responsibilities.

3. 国内外研究现状

As the novel The Old Man and the Sea wins worldfame, the researches on Ernest Hemingway and this representative novel byscholars at home and broad has achieved many basic and acknowledged agreements.There are many research papers and books about The Old Man and theSea at home and abroad.

In the western word,critics always attempt to study The Old Man and the Sea from various aspects. One aspect of the study of this book is froma religious point of view. For example, critic Phlip Young believed that thisbook was actually a fable, which aims to show and recall people#8217;s piety toChristianity. Apart from the religious study, there are also many other studiesincluding studies from psychological point of view, which emphasize Santiago#8217;sstrong desire of victory in spite of any difficulties.

The studies of this novellain China was a little later than the study abroad. Some focused on the study ofthe #8220;Code Hero#8221; symbolized by Santiago, who was brave on face of insuperableobstacles and graceful under pressure. Some tried to find Hemingway#8217;s applicationof #8220;The Principle of Iceberg#8221; in this novella. Some tried to make a comparativestudy of this novella with some classical Chinese literary works as to find thecultural differences between them.

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4. 计划与进度安排

Outline

ChapterⅠ. Brief introduction

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5. 参考文献

1)Fleming, Robert E. Hemingway and the Natural World[M]. Idaho: University of IdahoPress,1999.

2) Glotfelty, Cheryll and Fromm Harold. The Eco-criticism Reader: Landmarks inLiterary Ecology[M]. Athens：University of Georgia Press,1996.

3) Hemingway, Ernest Miller. The Old Man and the Sea[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2012.

4) 陈春生. 人与自然的和谐：《老人与海》的生态伦理读解[J]. 湖北师范学院学报,2010,(3):45-50.

5) 陈靖怡. 《老人与海》的生态观矛盾及其根源-以生态批评为视角[J]. 绵阳师范学院学报,2013,32(3).

6) 戴桂玉.生态批评视角下的《老人与海》[J]. 四川外语学院学报,2007,23(6).

7) 高青. 海明威自然观的双重性及其悖论[J].吉首大学学报,2010,31(4).

8) 季君君. 海明威生态意识探源[J]. 外国语言文学,2006(4):279-283.

9) 刘逢春. 探析《老人与海》的生态主义批评[J].凯里学院学报,2015,33(4).

10) 刘曼.《老人与海》的生态批评注意分析[J].兰州教育学院学报,2015,31(8).

11) 刘文婷,刘静. 从《老人与海》看海明威的生态观[J]. 黑龙江教育学报,2012,31(9).

12) 卢国荣.《老人与海》中的生态意识[J]. 内蒙古民族大学学报,2006,(1).

13) 姚文婷.《老人与海》中海明威生态意识解读[J].长沙理工大学学报,2012,29(4).
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